An Overview of Early Childhood Education

Early Childhood Education is a term that refers to educational programs and strategies geared toward children from birth to the age of eight. This time period is widely considered the most vulnerable and crucial stage of a persons life. Early childhood education often focuses on guiding children to learn through play. The term commonly  refers to preschool or infant/child care programs. Early Childhood Education Philosophies Learning through play is a common teaching philosophy for young children. Jean Piaget developed the PILES theme to meet the physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social needs of children. Piagets constructivist theory emphasizes hands-on educational experiences, giving children the chance to explore and manipulate objects. Children in preschool learn both academic and social-based lessons. They prepare for school by learning letters, numbers, and how to write. They also learn sharing, cooperation, taking turns, and operating within a structured environment. Scaffolding in Early Childhood Education The  scaffolding method of teaching  is to offer more structure and support when a child is learning a new concept. The child may be taught something new by employing things they already know how to do. As in a scaffold that supports a building project, these supports can then be removed as the child learns the skill. This method is meant to build confidence while learning. Early Childhood Education Careers Careers in early childhood and education include: Preschool Teacher: These teachers work with children ages three to five who are not yet in kindergarten. The educational requirements vary by state. Some require only a high school diploma and a certification, while others require a four-year degree.Kindergarten Teacher: This position may be with a public or private school and may require a degree and certification, depending on the state.Teacher for First, Second, and Third Grades: These elementary school positions are considered to be part of early childhood education. They teach a full range basic academic subjects to a class rather than specializing. A bachelors degree is required and a certification may be needed, depending on the state.Teacher Assistant or Paraeducator: The assistant works in the classroom under the direction of the lead teacher. Often they work with one or more students at a time. This position often does not require a degree.Childcare Worker: Nannies, babysitters, and workers at childcare centers usually perf orm basic duties such as feeding and bathing in addition to play and activities that may be mentally stimulating. An associates degree in early childhood development or a credential may result in a higher salary.Childcare Center Administrator: The director of a childcare facility may be required by a state to have a bachelors degree in Early Childhood Education or a certification in Child Development. This position trains and supervises the staff as well as performing the administrative duties of the facility.Special Education Teacher: This position often requires additional certification beyond that for a teacher. The special education teacher would work with children who have special needs, including mental, physical, and emotional challenges.

The Ethical Issue Surrounding Organ Transplantation

Outline Title: The Ethical Issues Surrounding Organ Transplantation Abstract With organ transplants so prevalent in today’s society, it is important that the ethical issues surrounding them are fully understood. While many people want to see life extended as long as possible, there are others who believe life must be allowed to run its natural course. This literature review examines the process of organ transplantation from continuous shortages of available organs to the distribution process to the lasting effects of the transplant on the patient. The research showed that even as policies and procedures adapt to our evolving society, it is very likely there will always be disagreement on the subject of organ transplantation.†¦show more content†¦Ethical Issues Surrounding Organ Transplantation 1 The Ethical Issues Surrounding Organ Transplantation A Review of the Literature Beginning with the first organ transplants in the 1950’s; questions have risen regarding these life-changing procedures and the ethics that surround them. During the years since, society has continued to debate the issues surrounding organ transplants. With the creation of regulations regarding organ procurement and the development of transplant waiting lists, it is obvious that an increasing number of people have had their lives effected by this medical advancement. That being said, the importance of educating people on the facts of transplantation is greater than it has ever been. This literature review considers the use of personal ethics in the decision making process as it relates to organ transplantation by responding to the following questions: 1. How do we deal with the shortage of donated organs? 2. What is the distribution process for the organs? 3. What are the effects of organ transplantation on the patient? Understanding the ethics of the organ transplantation process could increase the number of possible donors, thus saving the lives of so many who are in need of organ transplants. How Do We Deal With the Shortage of Donated Organs? There areShow MoreRelatedOrgan Donations after Death730 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan Donations after Death The process of gift giving is the act in which someone voluntarily offers a present for someone else, without compensation. Across all nations, people in need of transplants sit on a waiting list while the war on organ donation ethics continues. 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Often called modern biotechnology, genetic engineering can bring humanity into a better medical and agricultural age. Genetic engineering is an important scientific breakthrough because by altering DNA, scientists can improve food, create organs for transplant, and prevent certain diseases and birth defects. The field of genetic engineering has developed very quickly due to the greater understanding DNA, the agricultural. â€Å"Brewers and bakers also changed grains and flour into preferred productsRead MoreOrgan Donation Should Be Mandatory1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthe subject of organ donation becomes increasingly important. For years, the topic has been the source of many controversial debates regarding its ethical and moral ideations. Organ donation should remain voluntary for several reasons: first and foremost it is still considered a donation. Next, patients and their families should have the right to say no to medical procedures. And, lastly, bodily autonomy should be respected by healthcare professionals. Many argue, however, that organ donation shouldRead MorePros And Cons Of Stem Cell Research1003 Words   |  5 Pageseggs that were not implanted into a woman. The controversy surrounding stem cell research led to an intense debate about ethics. Up until the recent years, the research method mainly focused on Embryonic Stem Cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get proper material to study. This is typically done just days after conception or between the 5th and 9th week. Since then, researchers have moved on to more ethical study methods, such as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS).Read MoreOrgan And Organ Of Organ Transplantation2652 Words   |  11 Pagescentury, organ transplantation provides a way of giving the gift of life to patients with terminal failure of vital organs. Organ transplantation requires the participation of both fellow human beings and of society by donating organs from deceased or living individuals. The ever increasing rate of organ failure and the inadequate supply of organs have created a significant gap between organ supply and organ demand. This gap has resulted in extremely lengthy waiting times to receive an organ as wellRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pageslocated in the body. They act as a kind of reservoir, one that provides new cells to replace those that are damaged or lost. At the foetal stage of development, they are known as ‘Embryonic Stem Cells.’ These ce lls are at the heart of the controversy surrounding stem cell research because a human embryo is the source of these cells and often to obtain them, the embryo is terminated or damaged, and the closer the cell is to the embryonic form, the greater the potential to change into any other form of cell

Why Summer Makes Us Lazy, By Maria Kournikova - 791 Words

Why summer makes us lazy Summary: In the essay of â€Å"why summer makes us lazy â€Å"the author Maria Kournikova describe how people are more effective in the cold weather than when it is warm. To demonstrate the studies researchers assigned Harvard students data entry on wither sunny or rainy days. The students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions at the end of the experiment the researcher concluded that participants were less productive when it was sunny than when it was raining and cold. The energy and attention of people it is not the same in summer and in winter. People tend to think more critically in winter and do the work productively than when it is very hot because the body gets tired very easily. It has stated in the†¦show more content†¦at the workplace, most of the people are not focus don’t really want to work because they would be thinking of how it would be good to sit outside with a bottle of fresh water. of heat on our brains are g=negative is because our cognitive ab ilities seem to improve up to a certain temperature and then as the temperature continues to rise quickly diminish. One of the effect in one of the internet article of â€Å"are we lazy in the summer? â€Å"By Maria Kournikova. the author has stated that â€Å"one of the key issues is motivation, when the weather is unpleasant no one wants to go outside, but when the sun I shinning, the air is arm is the sky is blue, so people tend to dream about what they wish they were doing in the summer, rather than concentrating on their work. During the summertime at school, students tend to have low grade more than in winter. Second, in summer our body system gets easily tired and we tend to lose a lot of energy. In addition, normally the human body works hard to maintain a consistent internal temperature. but when people exposed to direct heat while spending time in the sun. all this extra physiological effort can make people feel tired or sleepy. moreover, less clothing means more ex posed skin. The hot weather actually slows a human body very down. the hotter it is; the more energy they need to keep themselves cool. People dress very relax in summer and it is important to apply a sports sunscreen about 30 minutes before a person

Group Contribution Research and Presentaion on Oral Health

Question: Discuss about the Reflection on group contribution Research and Presentaion on Oral Health. Answer: In recent past week, we had a project as a group of four. The title of our project was say yes to fluoride water. Our main aim was to create awareness to the Cairns population about the importance of oral health. In addition to the awareness, we also aimed at enlightening the population about the important benefits of the fluoride water to oral health. Fluoride water has great benefits on our teeth (Clarkson, and McLoughlin, 2000). We realize that few people understand the benefits of fluoride water in our oral health. Thus, to start with, we chose the Cairns population. Each of the group members had a part to play in the project. Besides, we all came up with different ideas and sharing the responsibilities of presentation. We held several discussions to brainstorm the ideas of our presentation, which gave us a chance to incorporate new ideas and even alter what seemed not necessary. The necessary arrangements for the project were also made through meetings where members gave their s uggestions. My main part of the project was dealing with the introduction part. This is one of the critical parts of any report or task. However, the group members had total confidence in me due to my good understanding of presentation skills. Hence, they thought it was necessary for me to start and set the stage for the rest of the group members. Working in a group is effective and mind provoking (Haddock, 1997). At first, the feeling was scary as I saw as though the responsibility was too much for me, but then I wanted to learn as much as I could. I had to take up the challenge. To begin with, I had to organize my work since we had already finalized everything. My main tasks included determining the target population, geographical region, gender, and those at risk. The presentation had to be the best, and I strived to ensure that the introduction was appealing to the target group. It was my responsibility to seek extra information, which I thought that maybe the group had not provided. At last , the project was a success, and my part was well done. Developing such health promotion activity with a team made it seem simple. Generating ideas was one of the easiest things. However, I cannot assume the fact that at some level we could not easily reach a consensus on some ideas. As a group, we would be forced to do some in-depth research and come up with the results later on during the next meeting. This gave us a good chance to learn various intriguing things concerning the importance of health promotion activity and doing it as a team. Besides that, working as a team one understands the importance of adjusting to situations and making good decisions (Parahoo, 2014). It was during the development of the project when one of our members withdrew from the team. At this point, we had shared the responsibilities, and since the responsibility given to her was as important as anybody elses in the group, we had to find a way of incorporating it with our individual responsibilities. Working as a team made it easier to conduct research since responsibilities were shared (Rootman, 2001). Besides, the ideas from the members benefited the group a lot. Unlike working alone in a project where you tend to believe all your opinions, working in a group was different. At some point, your opinion that you believed to be the best is refuted and replaced with a better idea. It is this aspect that I learned so much about principles and practices of health promotion. After successfully completing the project, I felt as though I have learned something great. Conducting research was something new for me, but the project exposed me. Besides, for the first time, I got a chance to work on something great with a group. As the leader of the team, coordinating the group was not an easy task (Resnicow et al. 2002). Now I fully understand how to accommodate people with different opinions as well as acting as a moderator. Making presentation is one of my favorite activities but presenting such project instilled a new feeling in me. My expectations as from now are to be involved in projects that are more similar. I would wish to put into use my little understanding and explore other skills that come along with experience. On a similar note, I would wish to work with a team of self-motivated individuals like the previous one. Teamwork seems to provoke someones mind through a new understanding of some issues unlike working individually (Driscoll, 1994). As per now I am knowledgeable than before and expects to make good use of my knowledge by sharing with others. Bibliography Clarkson, J.J., and McLoughlin, J., 2000. The role of fluoride in oral health promotion. International dental journal, 50(3), pp.119-128. Driscoll, J., 1994. Reflective practice for practice. Senior Nurse, 14(1), p.47. Haddock, J., 1997. Reflection ingroups: contextual and theoretical considerations within nurse education and practice. Nurse Education Today, 17(5), pp.381-385. Parahoo, K., 2014. Nursing research: principles, process, and issues. Palgrave Macmillan.( page 32- 39) Resnicow, K., DiIorio, C., Soet, J.E., Borrelli, B., Hecht, J. and Ernst, D., 2002. Motivational interviewing in health promotion: it sounds like something is changing. Health Psychology, 21(5), p.444. Rootman, I. ed., 2001. Evaluation in health promotion: principles and perspectives (No. 92). WHO Regional Office Europe.